Incidence of extrauterine growth retardation and its risk factors in very preterm infants during hospitalization: a multicenter prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China.@*METHODS@#A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.

Early use of calf pulmonary surfactant in late preterm and full-term infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of calf pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in late preterm and full-term infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of calf PS intratracheally given at different times and doses in infants with RDS who had a gestational age of ≥35 weeks and an oxygenation index (OI) of 10-20. The subjects were randomly assigned to treatment group 1 (n=58), treatment group 2 (n=58), and control group (n=59). Treatment group 1 was given PS (50 mg/kg) within 6 hours after admission. Treatment group 2 was given PS (70 mg/kg) within 6 hours after admission. The control group was not given PS within 6 hours after admission and was given PS (50 mg/kg) over 6 hours after admission if having no remission by conventional therapy including mechanical ventilation. For each group, a second dose of PS (50 mg/kg) was given if no remission was observed within 12 hours after the first administration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in mortality between the three groups. Treatment group 2 had lower hospitalization expense and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation compared with treatment group 1, and treatment group 1 had lower hospitalization expense and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation compared with the control group. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and length of hospital stay in treatment group 2 was lower than those in treatment group 1 and control group. Compared with the control group, Treatment groups 1 and 2 showed decreases in 2 or more times of PS use, maximum OI, duration of continuous positive airway pressure treatment, and incidence of air leak syndrome and pulmonary hypertension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early use of sufficient PS in late preterm and full-term infants with RDS can reduce complications, secondary use of PS, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expense.</p>

Anti-aging activity of Mytilus coruscus polysaccharide in aged SD rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the anti-aging activity of Mytilus coruscus polysaccharide (MP) in aged rats. Methods: We established a 24-month natural aging rat model. Twenty model rats were divided into 4 groups, namely, the aging model group, Mytilus coruscus powder group (MCP 1 g/kg), high dose MP group (MP 400 mg/kg), and low dose MP group (MP 200 mg/kg). Five three-month-old rats served as young control. The Mytilus coruscus power solutions and MP solutions were given intragastrically on a daily basis for 90 days. The organ indices of the heart, liver, kidney, and spleen of rats were observed; the pathology of the hearts and livers was also observed. The levels of superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutatio-neperoxidase (GSH-Px), and malonaldehyde(MDA) in the serum and liver were determined; and the main serum parameters were also determined. Results: Compared with the aging model group, the heart and liver pathology had no obvious aging changes in the high dose MP group. The serum and liver SOD, GSH-Px levels were significantly higher in the high dose MP group than those in the aging model group (P<0.01); the MDA level was significantly lower than those in the aging model group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The Mytilus coruscus polysaccharide possess anti-aging activity, and the anitoxidative effect might be one of the mechanism for the anti-aging effect.

Permeability and Protective Effect of Nerve Growth Factor by Periphery in Neonatal Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the permeability of nerve growth factor(NGF)through blood brain barrier and protective effect of NGF by periphery in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods The models with HIBD were established and NGF 5 ?g/kg was injected intravenously with 125I,and the permeability of NGF was observed by periphery through blood brain barrier of neonatal rats.Then apoptosis in each group was examined in tissues,samples of frontal cortex and CA1 district in cornu ammonis by TUNEL method.Results The contents of 125I-NGF in neonatal rats and ratio with blood content was higher than those of adult rats,then contents of 125I-NGF in neonatal rats with HIBD and ratio with blood content were higher than those of the neonatal rats(Pa